A mid-term analysis of progress toward international biodiversity targets.
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Auteurs : Derek P. Tittensor [Canada] ; Matt Walpole [Royaume-Uni] ; Samantha L L. Hill [Royaume-Uni] ; Daniel G. Boyce [Canada] ; Gregory L. Britten [Canada] ; Neil D. Burgess [Danemark] ; Stuart H M. Butchart [Royaume-Uni] ; Paul W. Leadley [France] ; Eugenie C. Regan [Royaume-Uni] ; Rob Alkemade [Pays-Bas] ; Roswitha Baumung [Italie] ; Céline Bellard [France] ; Lex Bouwman [Pays-Bas] ; Nadine J. Bowles-Newark [Royaume-Uni] ; Anna M. Chenery [Royaume-Uni] ; William W L. Cheung [Canada] ; Villy Christensen [Canada] ; H David Cooper [Canada] ; Annabel R. Crowther [Royaume-Uni] ; Matthew J R. Dixon [Royaume-Uni] ; Alessandro Galli [Suisse] ; Valérie Gaveau [France] ; Richard D. Gregory [Royaume-Uni] ; Nicolas L. Gutierrez [Royaume-Uni] ; Tim L. Hirsch [Danemark] ; Robert Höft [Canada] ; Stephanie R. Januchowski-Hartley [États-Unis] ; Marion Karmann [Allemagne] ; Cornelia B. Krug [France] ; Fiona J. Leverington [Australie] ; Jonathan Loh [Royaume-Uni] ; Rik Kutsch Lojenga [Pays-Bas] ; Kelly Malsch [Royaume-Uni] ; Alexandra Marques [Allemagne] ; David H W. Morgan [Suisse] ; Peter J. Mumby ; Tim Newbold [Royaume-Uni] ; Kieran Noonan-Mooney [Canada] ; Shyama N. Pagad [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Bradley C. Parks [États-Unis] ; Henrique M. Pereira [Allemagne] ; Tim Robertson [Danemark] ; Carlo Rondinini [Italie] ; Luca Santini [Italie] ; Jörn P W. Scharlemann [Royaume-Uni] ; Stefan Schindler [Autriche] ; U Rashid Sumaila [Canada] ; Louise S L. Teh [Canada] ; Jennifer Van Kolck [Pays-Bas] ; Piero Visconti [Royaume-Uni] ; Yimin Ye [Italie]Source :
- Science (New York, N.Y.) [ 1095-9203 ] ; 2014.
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Abstract
In 2010, the international community, under the auspices of the Convention on Biological Diversity, agreed on 20 biodiversity-related "Aichi Targets" to be achieved within a decade. We provide a comprehensive mid-term assessment of progress toward these global targets using 55 indicator data sets. We projected indicator trends to 2020 using an adaptive statistical framework that incorporated the specific properties of individual time series. On current trajectories, results suggest that despite accelerating policy and management responses to the biodiversity crisis, the impacts of these efforts are unlikely to be reflected in improved trends in the state of biodiversity by 2020. We highlight areas of societal endeavor requiring additional efforts to achieve the Aichi Targets, and provide a baseline against which to assess future progress.
DOI: 10.1126/science.1257484
PubMed: 25278504
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Australie, Autriche, Canada, Danemark, France, Italie, Nouvelle-Zélande, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni, Suisse, États-Unis
- Angleterre, District de Cologne, Hollande-Septentrionale, Hovedstaden, Latium, Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie, Sussex de l'Est, Utrecht (province), Vienne (Autriche), Virginie, Wisconsin, Île-de-France
- Amsterdam, Bonn, Brighton, Copenhague, Falmer, Orsay, Rome, Utrecht, Vienne (Autriche)
- Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Utrecht, Université du Sussex
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Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NS B3H 4R2</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walpole, Matt" sort="Walpole, Matt" uniqKey="Walpole M" first="Matt" last="Walpole">Matt Walpole</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge CB3 0DL</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hill, Samantha L L" sort="Hill, Samantha L L" uniqKey="Hill S" first="Samantha L L" last="Hill">Samantha L L. Hill</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge CB3 0DL</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boyce, Daniel G" sort="Boyce, Daniel G" uniqKey="Boyce D" first="Daniel G" last="Boyce">Daniel G. Boyce</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Ocean Sciences Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Post Office Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Ocean Sciences Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Post Office Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NS B2Y 4A2</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Britten, Gregory L" sort="Britten, Gregory L" uniqKey="Britten G" first="Gregory L" last="Britten">Gregory L. Britten</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NS B3H 4R2</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burgess, Neil D" sort="Burgess, Neil D" uniqKey="Burgess N" first="Neil D" last="Burgess">Neil D. Burgess</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK. Centre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK. Centre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum, Copenhagen, DK-2100</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Butchart, Stuart H M" sort="Butchart, Stuart H M" uniqKey="Butchart S" first="Stuart H M" last="Butchart">Stuart H M. Butchart</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>BirdLife International, Wellbrook Court, Cambridge CB3 0NA, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>BirdLife International, Wellbrook Court, Cambridge CB3 0NA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge CB3 0NA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leadley, Paul W" sort="Leadley, Paul W" uniqKey="Leadley P" first="Paul W" last="Leadley">Paul W. Leadley</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>ESE Laboratory, Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8079, CNRS-Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>ESE Laboratory, Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8079, CNRS-Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>91405 Orsay</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université Paris-Sud</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Orsay</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Regan, Eugenie C" sort="Regan, Eugenie C" uniqKey="Regan E" first="Eugenie C" last="Regan">Eugenie C. 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Department of Earth Sciences-Geochemistry, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Post Office Box 80021, 3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Post Office Box 303, 3720 AH, Bilthoven, Netherlands. Department of Earth Sciences-Geochemistry, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Post Office Box 80021, 3508 TA Utrecht</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Utrecht</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement><region nuts="2">Utrecht (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bowles Newark, Nadine J" sort="Bowles Newark, Nadine J" uniqKey="Bowles Newark N" first="Nadine J" last="Bowles-Newark">Nadine J. 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Chenery</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge CB3 0DL</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cheung, William W L" sort="Cheung, William W L" uniqKey="Cheung W" first="William W L" last="Cheung">William W L. Cheung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>BC V6T 1Z4</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Christensen, Villy" sort="Christensen, Villy" uniqKey="Christensen V" first="Villy" last="Christensen">Villy Christensen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>BC V6T 1Z4</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, H David" sort="Cooper, H David" uniqKey="Cooper H" first="H David" last="Cooper">H David Cooper</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 413, Saint Jacques Street, Suite 800, Montreal, QC H2Y 1N9, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 413, Saint Jacques Street, Suite 800, Montreal, QC H2Y 1N9</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>QC H2Y 1N9</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crowther, Annabel R" sort="Crowther, Annabel R" uniqKey="Crowther A" first="Annabel R" last="Crowther">Annabel R. Crowther</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge CB3 0DL</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dixon, Matthew J R" sort="Dixon, Matthew J R" uniqKey="Dixon M" first="Matthew J R" last="Dixon">Matthew J R. 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Gregory</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>RSPB Centre for Conservation Science The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>RSPB Centre for Conservation Science The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bedfordshire SG19 2DL</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gutierrez, Nicolas L" sort="Gutierrez, Nicolas L" uniqKey="Gutierrez N" first="Nicolas L" last="Gutierrez">Nicolas L. Gutierrez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Marine Stewardship Council, 1-3 Snow Hill, London EC1A 2DH, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Marine Stewardship Council, 1-3 Snow Hill, London EC1A 2DH</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>London EC1A 2DH</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hirsch, Tim L" sort="Hirsch, Tim L" uniqKey="Hirsch T" first="Tim L" last="Hirsch">Tim L. Hirsch</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) Secretariat Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) Secretariat Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoft, Robert" sort="Hoft, Robert" uniqKey="Hoft R" first="Robert" last="Höft">Robert Höft</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 413, Saint Jacques Street, Suite 800, Montreal, QC H2Y 1N9, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 413, Saint Jacques Street, Suite 800, Montreal, QC H2Y 1N9</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>QC H2Y 1N9</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Januchowski Hartley, Stephanie R" sort="Januchowski Hartley, Stephanie R" uniqKey="Januchowski Hartley S" first="Stephanie R" last="Januchowski-Hartley">Stephanie R. Januchowski-Hartley</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 680 North Park Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 680 North Park Street, Madison, WI 53706</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Wisconsin</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karmann, Marion" sort="Karmann, Marion" uniqKey="Karmann M" first="Marion" last="Karmann">Marion Karmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) International, Charles-de-Gaulle Strasse 5, 53113 Bonn, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) International, Charles-de-Gaulle Strasse 5, 53113 Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krug, Cornelia B" sort="Krug, Cornelia B" uniqKey="Krug C" first="Cornelia B" last="Krug">Cornelia B. Krug</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>ESE Laboratory, Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8079, CNRS-Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France. DIVERSITAS, 57 rue Cuvier-CP 41, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>ESE Laboratory, Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8079, CNRS-Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France. DIVERSITAS, 57 rue Cuvier-CP 41, 75231 Paris Cedex 05</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>75231 Paris Cedex 05</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université Paris-Sud</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Orsay</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leverington, Fiona J" sort="Leverington, Fiona J" uniqKey="Leverington F" first="Fiona J" last="Leverington">Fiona J. Leverington</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Queensland, Diamantina National Park via Winton, QLD 4735, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Queensland, Diamantina National Park via Winton, QLD 4735</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>QLD 4735</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loh, Jonathan" sort="Loh, Jonathan" uniqKey="Loh J" first="Jonathan" last="Loh">Jonathan Loh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>London NW1 4RY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lojenga, Rik Kutsch" sort="Lojenga, Rik Kutsch" uniqKey="Lojenga R" first="Rik Kutsch" last="Lojenga">Rik Kutsch Lojenga</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Union for Ethical BioTrade, De Ruyterkade 6, 1013 AA, Amsterdam, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Union for Ethical BioTrade, De Ruyterkade 6, 1013 AA, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malsch, Kelly" sort="Malsch, Kelly" uniqKey="Malsch K" first="Kelly" last="Malsch">Kelly Malsch</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge CB3 0DL</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marques, Alexandra" sort="Marques, Alexandra" uniqKey="Marques A" first="Alexandra" last="Marques">Alexandra Marques</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale)</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>06108 Halle (Saale)</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>06108 Halle (Saale)</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>06108 Halle (Saale)</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morgan, David H W" sort="Morgan, David H W" uniqKey="Morgan D" first="David H W" last="Morgan">David H W. Morgan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species Secretariat, Maison internationale de l'environnement, 11-13 Chemin des Anémones, 1219 Châtelaine, Geneva, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species Secretariat, Maison internationale de l'environnement, 11-13 Chemin des Anémones, 1219 Châtelaine, Geneva</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Geneva</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mumby, Peter J" sort="Mumby, Peter J" uniqKey="Mumby P" first="Peter J" last="Mumby">Peter J. Mumby</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia Brisbane, Qld 4072 Australia.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Qld 4072 Australia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Newbold, Tim" sort="Newbold, Tim" uniqKey="Newbold T" first="Tim" last="Newbold">Tim Newbold</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge CB3 0DL</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Noonan Mooney, Kieran" sort="Noonan Mooney, Kieran" uniqKey="Noonan Mooney K" first="Kieran" last="Noonan-Mooney">Kieran Noonan-Mooney</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 413, Saint Jacques Street, Suite 800, Montreal, QC H2Y 1N9, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 413, Saint Jacques Street, Suite 800, Montreal, QC H2Y 1N9</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>QC H2Y 1N9</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pagad, Shyama N" sort="Pagad, Shyama N" uniqKey="Pagad S" first="Shyama N" last="Pagad">Shyama N. Pagad</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The International Union for Conservation of Nature Species Survival Commission (IUCN SSC) Invasive Species Specialist Group, University of Auckland, Tamaki Campus, Auckland, New Zealand.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>The International Union for Conservation of Nature Species Survival Commission (IUCN SSC) Invasive Species Specialist Group, University of Auckland, Tamaki Campus, Auckland</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Auckland</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parks, Bradley C" sort="Parks, Bradley C" uniqKey="Parks B" first="Bradley C" last="Parks">Bradley C. Parks</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>AidData, The College of William and Mary, Post Office Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>AidData, The College of William and Mary, Post Office Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pereira, Henrique M" sort="Pereira, Henrique M" uniqKey="Pereira H" first="Henrique M" last="Pereira">Henrique M. Pereira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale)</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>06108 Halle (Saale)</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>06108 Halle (Saale)</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>06108 Halle (Saale)</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Robertson, Tim" sort="Robertson, Tim" uniqKey="Robertson T" first="Tim" last="Robertson">Tim Robertson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) Secretariat Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) Secretariat Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rondinini, Carlo" sort="Rondinini, Carlo" uniqKey="Rondinini C" first="Carlo" last="Rondinini">Carlo Rondinini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza-Università di Roma, Viale dell' Università 32, 00185 Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza-Università di Roma, Viale dell' Università 32, 00185 Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Santini, Luca" sort="Santini, Luca" uniqKey="Santini L" first="Luca" last="Santini">Luca Santini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza-Università di Roma, Viale dell' Università 32, 00185 Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza-Università di Roma, Viale dell' Università 32, 00185 Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scharlemann, Jorn P W" sort="Scharlemann, Jorn P W" uniqKey="Scharlemann J" first="Jörn P W" last="Scharlemann">Jörn P W. Scharlemann</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK. School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK. School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Sussex</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Brighton</settlement><settlement type="town">Falmer</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region nuts="2" type="region">Sussex de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schindler, Stefan" sort="Schindler, Stefan" uniqKey="Schindler S" first="Stefan" last="Schindler">Stefan Schindler</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Environment Agency Austria, Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria. University of Vienna, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation Ecology and Landscape Ecology, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Environment Agency Austria, Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria. University of Vienna, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation Ecology and Landscape Ecology, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Vienne (Autriche)</region><settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sumaila, U Rashid" sort="Sumaila, U Rashid" uniqKey="Sumaila U" first="U Rashid" last="Sumaila">U Rashid Sumaila</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>BC V6T 1Z4</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teh, Louise S L" sort="Teh, Louise S L" uniqKey="Teh L" first="Louise S L" last="Teh">Louise S L. Teh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>BC V6T 1Z4</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Kolck, Jennifer" sort="Van Kolck, Jennifer" uniqKey="Van Kolck J" first="Jennifer" last="Van Kolck">Jennifer Van Kolck</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Post Office Box 303, 3720 AH, Bilthoven, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Post Office Box 303, 3720 AH, Bilthoven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bilthoven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Visconti, Piero" sort="Visconti, Piero" uniqKey="Visconti P" first="Piero" last="Visconti">Piero Visconti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Microsoft Research, Computational Science Laboratory, 21 Station Road, Cambridge, CB1 2FB, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Microsoft Research, Computational Science Laboratory, 21 Station Road, Cambridge, CB1 2FB</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>CB1 2FB</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ye, Yimin" sort="Ye, Yimin" uniqKey="Ye Y" first="Yimin" last="Ye">Yimin Ye</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:25278504</idno><idno type="pmid">25278504</idno><idno type="doi">10.1126/science.1257484</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">003380</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">003380</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">003268</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">003268</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">003268</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">003268</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">001E68</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">001E68</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">001E68</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">003D02</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">003C51</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">003C51</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">A mid-term analysis of progress toward international biodiversity targets.</title><author><name sortKey="Tittensor, Derek P" sort="Tittensor, Derek P" uniqKey="Tittensor D" first="Derek P" last="Tittensor">Derek P. Tittensor</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK. Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. derek.tittensor@unep-wcmc.org.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK. Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NS B3H 4R2</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walpole, Matt" sort="Walpole, Matt" uniqKey="Walpole M" first="Matt" last="Walpole">Matt Walpole</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge CB3 0DL</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hill, Samantha L L" sort="Hill, Samantha L L" uniqKey="Hill S" first="Samantha L L" last="Hill">Samantha L L. Hill</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge CB3 0DL</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boyce, Daniel G" sort="Boyce, Daniel G" uniqKey="Boyce D" first="Daniel G" last="Boyce">Daniel G. Boyce</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Ocean Sciences Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Post Office Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Ocean Sciences Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Post Office Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NS B2Y 4A2</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Britten, Gregory L" sort="Britten, Gregory L" uniqKey="Britten G" first="Gregory L" last="Britten">Gregory L. Britten</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NS B3H 4R2</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burgess, Neil D" sort="Burgess, Neil D" uniqKey="Burgess N" first="Neil D" last="Burgess">Neil D. Burgess</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK. Centre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK. Centre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum, Copenhagen, DK-2100</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2100</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Butchart, Stuart H M" sort="Butchart, Stuart H M" uniqKey="Butchart S" first="Stuart H M" last="Butchart">Stuart H M. Butchart</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>BirdLife International, Wellbrook Court, Cambridge CB3 0NA, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>BirdLife International, Wellbrook Court, Cambridge CB3 0NA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge CB3 0NA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leadley, Paul W" sort="Leadley, Paul W" uniqKey="Leadley P" first="Paul W" last="Leadley">Paul W. Leadley</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>ESE Laboratory, Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8079, CNRS-Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>ESE Laboratory, Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8079, CNRS-Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>91405 Orsay</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université Paris-Sud</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Orsay</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Regan, Eugenie C" sort="Regan, Eugenie C" uniqKey="Regan E" first="Eugenie C" last="Regan">Eugenie C. Regan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge CB3 0DL</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alkemade, Rob" sort="Alkemade, Rob" uniqKey="Alkemade R" first="Rob" last="Alkemade">Rob Alkemade</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Post Office Box 303, 3720 AH, Bilthoven, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Post Office Box 303, 3720 AH, Bilthoven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bilthoven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baumung, Roswitha" sort="Baumung, Roswitha" uniqKey="Baumung R" first="Roswitha" last="Baumung">Roswitha Baumung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bellard, Celine" sort="Bellard, Celine" uniqKey="Bellard C" first="Céline" last="Bellard">Céline Bellard</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>ESE Laboratory, Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8079, CNRS-Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>ESE Laboratory, Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8079, CNRS-Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>91405 Orsay</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université Paris-Sud</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Orsay</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bouwman, Lex" sort="Bouwman, Lex" uniqKey="Bouwman L" first="Lex" last="Bouwman">Lex Bouwman</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Post Office Box 303, 3720 AH, Bilthoven, Netherlands. Department of Earth Sciences-Geochemistry, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Post Office Box 80021, 3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Post Office Box 303, 3720 AH, Bilthoven, Netherlands. Department of Earth Sciences-Geochemistry, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Post Office Box 80021, 3508 TA Utrecht</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Utrecht</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement><region nuts="2">Utrecht (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bowles Newark, Nadine J" sort="Bowles Newark, Nadine J" uniqKey="Bowles Newark N" first="Nadine J" last="Bowles-Newark">Nadine J. Bowles-Newark</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge CB3 0DL</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chenery, Anna M" sort="Chenery, Anna M" uniqKey="Chenery A" first="Anna M" last="Chenery">Anna M. Chenery</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge CB3 0DL</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cheung, William W L" sort="Cheung, William W L" uniqKey="Cheung W" first="William W L" last="Cheung">William W L. Cheung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>BC V6T 1Z4</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Christensen, Villy" sort="Christensen, Villy" uniqKey="Christensen V" first="Villy" last="Christensen">Villy Christensen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>BC V6T 1Z4</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, H David" sort="Cooper, H David" uniqKey="Cooper H" first="H David" last="Cooper">H David Cooper</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 413, Saint Jacques Street, Suite 800, Montreal, QC H2Y 1N9, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 413, Saint Jacques Street, Suite 800, Montreal, QC H2Y 1N9</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>QC H2Y 1N9</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crowther, Annabel R" sort="Crowther, Annabel R" uniqKey="Crowther A" first="Annabel R" last="Crowther">Annabel R. Crowther</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge CB3 0DL</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dixon, Matthew J R" sort="Dixon, Matthew J R" uniqKey="Dixon M" first="Matthew J R" last="Dixon">Matthew J R. Dixon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge CB3 0DL</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galli, Alessandro" sort="Galli, Alessandro" uniqKey="Galli A" first="Alessandro" last="Galli">Alessandro Galli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Global Footprint Network, 7-9 Chemin de Balexert, 1219 Geneva, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Footprint Network, 7-9 Chemin de Balexert, 1219 Geneva</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1219 Geneva</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gaveau, Valerie" sort="Gaveau, Valerie" uniqKey="Gaveau V" first="Valérie" last="Gaveau">Valérie Gaveau</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2 rue André-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2 rue André-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>75775 Paris Cedex 16</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>75775 Paris Cedex 16</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gregory, Richard D" sort="Gregory, Richard D" uniqKey="Gregory R" first="Richard D" last="Gregory">Richard D. Gregory</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>RSPB Centre for Conservation Science The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>RSPB Centre for Conservation Science The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bedfordshire SG19 2DL</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gutierrez, Nicolas L" sort="Gutierrez, Nicolas L" uniqKey="Gutierrez N" first="Nicolas L" last="Gutierrez">Nicolas L. Gutierrez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Marine Stewardship Council, 1-3 Snow Hill, London EC1A 2DH, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Marine Stewardship Council, 1-3 Snow Hill, London EC1A 2DH</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>London EC1A 2DH</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hirsch, Tim L" sort="Hirsch, Tim L" uniqKey="Hirsch T" first="Tim L" last="Hirsch">Tim L. Hirsch</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) Secretariat Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) Secretariat Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoft, Robert" sort="Hoft, Robert" uniqKey="Hoft R" first="Robert" last="Höft">Robert Höft</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 413, Saint Jacques Street, Suite 800, Montreal, QC H2Y 1N9, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 413, Saint Jacques Street, Suite 800, Montreal, QC H2Y 1N9</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>QC H2Y 1N9</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Januchowski Hartley, Stephanie R" sort="Januchowski Hartley, Stephanie R" uniqKey="Januchowski Hartley S" first="Stephanie R" last="Januchowski-Hartley">Stephanie R. Januchowski-Hartley</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 680 North Park Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 680 North Park Street, Madison, WI 53706</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Wisconsin</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karmann, Marion" sort="Karmann, Marion" uniqKey="Karmann M" first="Marion" last="Karmann">Marion Karmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) International, Charles-de-Gaulle Strasse 5, 53113 Bonn, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) International, Charles-de-Gaulle Strasse 5, 53113 Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krug, Cornelia B" sort="Krug, Cornelia B" uniqKey="Krug C" first="Cornelia B" last="Krug">Cornelia B. Krug</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>ESE Laboratory, Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8079, CNRS-Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France. DIVERSITAS, 57 rue Cuvier-CP 41, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>ESE Laboratory, Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8079, CNRS-Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France. DIVERSITAS, 57 rue Cuvier-CP 41, 75231 Paris Cedex 05</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>75231 Paris Cedex 05</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université Paris-Sud</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Orsay</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leverington, Fiona J" sort="Leverington, Fiona J" uniqKey="Leverington F" first="Fiona J" last="Leverington">Fiona J. Leverington</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Queensland, Diamantina National Park via Winton, QLD 4735, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Queensland, Diamantina National Park via Winton, QLD 4735</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>QLD 4735</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loh, Jonathan" sort="Loh, Jonathan" uniqKey="Loh J" first="Jonathan" last="Loh">Jonathan Loh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>London NW1 4RY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lojenga, Rik Kutsch" sort="Lojenga, Rik Kutsch" uniqKey="Lojenga R" first="Rik Kutsch" last="Lojenga">Rik Kutsch Lojenga</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Union for Ethical BioTrade, De Ruyterkade 6, 1013 AA, Amsterdam, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Union for Ethical BioTrade, De Ruyterkade 6, 1013 AA, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malsch, Kelly" sort="Malsch, Kelly" uniqKey="Malsch K" first="Kelly" last="Malsch">Kelly Malsch</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge CB3 0DL</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marques, Alexandra" sort="Marques, Alexandra" uniqKey="Marques A" first="Alexandra" last="Marques">Alexandra Marques</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale)</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>06108 Halle (Saale)</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>06108 Halle (Saale)</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>06108 Halle (Saale)</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morgan, David H W" sort="Morgan, David H W" uniqKey="Morgan D" first="David H W" last="Morgan">David H W. Morgan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species Secretariat, Maison internationale de l'environnement, 11-13 Chemin des Anémones, 1219 Châtelaine, Geneva, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species Secretariat, Maison internationale de l'environnement, 11-13 Chemin des Anémones, 1219 Châtelaine, Geneva</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Geneva</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mumby, Peter J" sort="Mumby, Peter J" uniqKey="Mumby P" first="Peter J" last="Mumby">Peter J. Mumby</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia Brisbane, Qld 4072 Australia.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Qld 4072 Australia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Newbold, Tim" sort="Newbold, Tim" uniqKey="Newbold T" first="Tim" last="Newbold">Tim Newbold</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge CB3 0DL</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Noonan Mooney, Kieran" sort="Noonan Mooney, Kieran" uniqKey="Noonan Mooney K" first="Kieran" last="Noonan-Mooney">Kieran Noonan-Mooney</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 413, Saint Jacques Street, Suite 800, Montreal, QC H2Y 1N9, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 413, Saint Jacques Street, Suite 800, Montreal, QC H2Y 1N9</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>QC H2Y 1N9</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pagad, Shyama N" sort="Pagad, Shyama N" uniqKey="Pagad S" first="Shyama N" last="Pagad">Shyama N. Pagad</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The International Union for Conservation of Nature Species Survival Commission (IUCN SSC) Invasive Species Specialist Group, University of Auckland, Tamaki Campus, Auckland, New Zealand.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>The International Union for Conservation of Nature Species Survival Commission (IUCN SSC) Invasive Species Specialist Group, University of Auckland, Tamaki Campus, Auckland</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Auckland</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parks, Bradley C" sort="Parks, Bradley C" uniqKey="Parks B" first="Bradley C" last="Parks">Bradley C. Parks</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>AidData, The College of William and Mary, Post Office Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>AidData, The College of William and Mary, Post Office Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pereira, Henrique M" sort="Pereira, Henrique M" uniqKey="Pereira H" first="Henrique M" last="Pereira">Henrique M. Pereira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale)</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>06108 Halle (Saale)</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>06108 Halle (Saale)</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>06108 Halle (Saale)</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Robertson, Tim" sort="Robertson, Tim" uniqKey="Robertson T" first="Tim" last="Robertson">Tim Robertson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) Secretariat Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) Secretariat Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rondinini, Carlo" sort="Rondinini, Carlo" uniqKey="Rondinini C" first="Carlo" last="Rondinini">Carlo Rondinini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza-Università di Roma, Viale dell' Università 32, 00185 Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza-Università di Roma, Viale dell' Università 32, 00185 Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Santini, Luca" sort="Santini, Luca" uniqKey="Santini L" first="Luca" last="Santini">Luca Santini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza-Università di Roma, Viale dell' Università 32, 00185 Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza-Università di Roma, Viale dell' Università 32, 00185 Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scharlemann, Jorn P W" sort="Scharlemann, Jorn P W" uniqKey="Scharlemann J" first="Jörn P W" last="Scharlemann">Jörn P W. Scharlemann</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK. School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK. School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Sussex</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Brighton</settlement><settlement type="town">Falmer</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region nuts="2" type="region">Sussex de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schindler, Stefan" sort="Schindler, Stefan" uniqKey="Schindler S" first="Stefan" last="Schindler">Stefan Schindler</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Environment Agency Austria, Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria. University of Vienna, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation Ecology and Landscape Ecology, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Environment Agency Austria, Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria. University of Vienna, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation Ecology and Landscape Ecology, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Vienne (Autriche)</region><settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sumaila, U Rashid" sort="Sumaila, U Rashid" uniqKey="Sumaila U" first="U Rashid" last="Sumaila">U Rashid Sumaila</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>BC V6T 1Z4</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teh, Louise S L" sort="Teh, Louise S L" uniqKey="Teh L" first="Louise S L" last="Teh">Louise S L. Teh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>BC V6T 1Z4</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Kolck, Jennifer" sort="Van Kolck, Jennifer" uniqKey="Van Kolck J" first="Jennifer" last="Van Kolck">Jennifer Van Kolck</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Post Office Box 303, 3720 AH, Bilthoven, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Post Office Box 303, 3720 AH, Bilthoven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bilthoven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Visconti, Piero" sort="Visconti, Piero" uniqKey="Visconti P" first="Piero" last="Visconti">Piero Visconti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Microsoft Research, Computational Science Laboratory, 21 Station Road, Cambridge, CB1 2FB, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Microsoft Research, Computational Science Laboratory, 21 Station Road, Cambridge, CB1 2FB</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>CB1 2FB</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ye, Yimin" sort="Ye, Yimin" uniqKey="Ye Y" first="Yimin" last="Ye">Yimin Ye</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Science (New York, N.Y.)</title><idno type="eISSN">1095-9203</idno><imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Biodiversity</term><term>Conservation of Natural Resources</term><term>Extinction, Biological</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Biodiversité</term><term>Conservation des ressources naturelles</term><term>Extinction biologique</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Biodiversity</term><term>Conservation of Natural Resources</term><term>Extinction, Biological</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Biodiversité</term><term>Conservation des ressources naturelles</term><term>Extinction biologique</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">In 2010, the international community, under the auspices of the Convention on Biological Diversity, agreed on 20 biodiversity-related "Aichi Targets" to be achieved within a decade. We provide a comprehensive mid-term assessment of progress toward these global targets using 55 indicator data sets. We projected indicator trends to 2020 using an adaptive statistical framework that incorporated the specific properties of individual time series. On current trajectories, results suggest that despite accelerating policy and management responses to the biodiversity crisis, the impacts of these efforts are unlikely to be reflected in improved trends in the state of biodiversity by 2020. We highlight areas of societal endeavor requiring additional efforts to achieve the Aichi Targets, and provide a baseline against which to assess future progress.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Australie</li><li>Autriche</li><li>Canada</li><li>Danemark</li><li>France</li><li>Italie</li><li>Nouvelle-Zélande</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Suisse</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>District de Cologne</li><li>Hollande-Septentrionale</li><li>Hovedstaden</li><li>Latium</li><li>Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</li><li>Sussex de l'Est</li><li>Utrecht (province)</li><li>Vienne (Autriche)</li><li>Virginie</li><li>Wisconsin</li><li>Île-de-France</li></region><settlement><li>Amsterdam</li><li>Bonn</li><li>Brighton</li><li>Copenhague</li><li>Falmer</li><li>Orsay</li><li>Rome</li><li>Utrecht</li><li>Vienne (Autriche)</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université Paris-Sud</li><li>Université d'Utrecht</li><li>Université du Sussex</li></orgName></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Mumby, Peter J" sort="Mumby, Peter J" uniqKey="Mumby P" first="Peter J" last="Mumby">Peter J. Mumby</name></noCountry><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Tittensor, Derek P" sort="Tittensor, Derek P" uniqKey="Tittensor D" first="Derek P" last="Tittensor">Derek P. Tittensor</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Boyce, Daniel G" sort="Boyce, Daniel G" uniqKey="Boyce D" first="Daniel G" last="Boyce">Daniel G. Boyce</name><name sortKey="Britten, Gregory L" sort="Britten, Gregory L" uniqKey="Britten G" first="Gregory L" last="Britten">Gregory L. Britten</name><name sortKey="Cheung, William W L" sort="Cheung, William W L" uniqKey="Cheung W" first="William W L" last="Cheung">William W L. Cheung</name><name sortKey="Christensen, Villy" sort="Christensen, Villy" uniqKey="Christensen V" first="Villy" last="Christensen">Villy Christensen</name><name sortKey="Cooper, H David" sort="Cooper, H David" uniqKey="Cooper H" first="H David" last="Cooper">H David Cooper</name><name sortKey="Hoft, Robert" sort="Hoft, Robert" uniqKey="Hoft R" first="Robert" last="Höft">Robert Höft</name><name sortKey="Noonan Mooney, Kieran" sort="Noonan Mooney, Kieran" uniqKey="Noonan Mooney K" first="Kieran" last="Noonan-Mooney">Kieran Noonan-Mooney</name><name sortKey="Sumaila, U Rashid" sort="Sumaila, U Rashid" uniqKey="Sumaila U" first="U Rashid" last="Sumaila">U Rashid Sumaila</name><name sortKey="Teh, Louise S L" sort="Teh, Louise S L" uniqKey="Teh L" first="Louise S L" last="Teh">Louise S L. Teh</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Walpole, Matt" sort="Walpole, Matt" uniqKey="Walpole M" first="Matt" last="Walpole">Matt Walpole</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Bowles Newark, Nadine J" sort="Bowles Newark, Nadine J" uniqKey="Bowles Newark N" first="Nadine J" last="Bowles-Newark">Nadine J. Bowles-Newark</name><name sortKey="Butchart, Stuart H M" sort="Butchart, Stuart H M" uniqKey="Butchart S" first="Stuart H M" last="Butchart">Stuart H M. Butchart</name><name sortKey="Chenery, Anna M" sort="Chenery, Anna M" uniqKey="Chenery A" first="Anna M" last="Chenery">Anna M. Chenery</name><name sortKey="Crowther, Annabel R" sort="Crowther, Annabel R" uniqKey="Crowther A" first="Annabel R" last="Crowther">Annabel R. Crowther</name><name sortKey="Dixon, Matthew J R" sort="Dixon, Matthew J R" uniqKey="Dixon M" first="Matthew J R" last="Dixon">Matthew J R. Dixon</name><name sortKey="Gregory, Richard D" sort="Gregory, Richard D" uniqKey="Gregory R" first="Richard D" last="Gregory">Richard D. Gregory</name><name sortKey="Gutierrez, Nicolas L" sort="Gutierrez, Nicolas L" uniqKey="Gutierrez N" first="Nicolas L" last="Gutierrez">Nicolas L. Gutierrez</name><name sortKey="Hill, Samantha L L" sort="Hill, Samantha L L" uniqKey="Hill S" first="Samantha L L" last="Hill">Samantha L L. Hill</name><name sortKey="Loh, Jonathan" sort="Loh, Jonathan" uniqKey="Loh J" first="Jonathan" last="Loh">Jonathan Loh</name><name sortKey="Malsch, Kelly" sort="Malsch, Kelly" uniqKey="Malsch K" first="Kelly" last="Malsch">Kelly Malsch</name><name sortKey="Newbold, Tim" sort="Newbold, Tim" uniqKey="Newbold T" first="Tim" last="Newbold">Tim Newbold</name><name sortKey="Regan, Eugenie C" sort="Regan, Eugenie C" uniqKey="Regan E" first="Eugenie C" last="Regan">Eugenie C. Regan</name><name sortKey="Scharlemann, Jorn P W" sort="Scharlemann, Jorn P W" uniqKey="Scharlemann J" first="Jörn P W" last="Scharlemann">Jörn P W. Scharlemann</name><name sortKey="Visconti, Piero" sort="Visconti, Piero" uniqKey="Visconti P" first="Piero" last="Visconti">Piero Visconti</name></country><country name="Danemark"><noRegion><name sortKey="Burgess, Neil D" sort="Burgess, Neil D" uniqKey="Burgess N" first="Neil D" last="Burgess">Neil D. Burgess</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Hirsch, Tim L" sort="Hirsch, Tim L" uniqKey="Hirsch T" first="Tim L" last="Hirsch">Tim L. Hirsch</name><name sortKey="Robertson, Tim" sort="Robertson, Tim" uniqKey="Robertson T" first="Tim" last="Robertson">Tim Robertson</name></country><country name="France"><region name="Île-de-France"><name sortKey="Leadley, Paul W" sort="Leadley, Paul W" uniqKey="Leadley P" first="Paul W" last="Leadley">Paul W. Leadley</name></region><name sortKey="Bellard, Celine" sort="Bellard, Celine" uniqKey="Bellard C" first="Céline" last="Bellard">Céline Bellard</name><name sortKey="Gaveau, Valerie" sort="Gaveau, Valerie" uniqKey="Gaveau V" first="Valérie" last="Gaveau">Valérie Gaveau</name><name sortKey="Krug, Cornelia B" sort="Krug, Cornelia B" uniqKey="Krug C" first="Cornelia B" last="Krug">Cornelia B. Krug</name></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><noRegion><name sortKey="Alkemade, Rob" sort="Alkemade, Rob" uniqKey="Alkemade R" first="Rob" last="Alkemade">Rob Alkemade</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Bouwman, Lex" sort="Bouwman, Lex" uniqKey="Bouwman L" first="Lex" last="Bouwman">Lex Bouwman</name><name sortKey="Lojenga, Rik Kutsch" sort="Lojenga, Rik Kutsch" uniqKey="Lojenga R" first="Rik Kutsch" last="Lojenga">Rik Kutsch Lojenga</name><name sortKey="Van Kolck, Jennifer" sort="Van Kolck, Jennifer" uniqKey="Van Kolck J" first="Jennifer" last="Van Kolck">Jennifer Van Kolck</name></country><country name="Italie"><region name="Latium"><name sortKey="Baumung, Roswitha" sort="Baumung, Roswitha" uniqKey="Baumung R" first="Roswitha" last="Baumung">Roswitha Baumung</name></region><name sortKey="Rondinini, Carlo" sort="Rondinini, Carlo" uniqKey="Rondinini C" first="Carlo" last="Rondinini">Carlo Rondinini</name><name sortKey="Santini, Luca" sort="Santini, Luca" uniqKey="Santini L" first="Luca" last="Santini">Luca Santini</name><name sortKey="Ye, Yimin" sort="Ye, Yimin" uniqKey="Ye Y" first="Yimin" last="Ye">Yimin Ye</name></country><country name="Suisse"><noRegion><name sortKey="Galli, Alessandro" sort="Galli, Alessandro" uniqKey="Galli A" first="Alessandro" last="Galli">Alessandro Galli</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Morgan, David H W" sort="Morgan, David H W" uniqKey="Morgan D" first="David H W" last="Morgan">David H W. Morgan</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Wisconsin"><name sortKey="Januchowski Hartley, Stephanie R" sort="Januchowski Hartley, Stephanie R" uniqKey="Januchowski Hartley S" first="Stephanie R" last="Januchowski-Hartley">Stephanie R. Januchowski-Hartley</name></region><name sortKey="Parks, Bradley C" sort="Parks, Bradley C" uniqKey="Parks B" first="Bradley C" last="Parks">Bradley C. Parks</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie"><name sortKey="Karmann, Marion" sort="Karmann, Marion" uniqKey="Karmann M" first="Marion" last="Karmann">Marion Karmann</name></region><name sortKey="Marques, Alexandra" sort="Marques, Alexandra" uniqKey="Marques A" first="Alexandra" last="Marques">Alexandra Marques</name><name sortKey="Pereira, Henrique M" sort="Pereira, Henrique M" uniqKey="Pereira H" first="Henrique M" last="Pereira">Henrique M. Pereira</name></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Leverington, Fiona J" sort="Leverington, Fiona J" uniqKey="Leverington F" first="Fiona J" last="Leverington">Fiona J. Leverington</name></noRegion></country><country name="Nouvelle-Zélande"><noRegion><name sortKey="Pagad, Shyama N" sort="Pagad, Shyama N" uniqKey="Pagad S" first="Shyama N" last="Pagad">Shyama N. Pagad</name></noRegion></country><country name="Autriche"><region name="Vienne (Autriche)"><name sortKey="Schindler, Stefan" sort="Schindler, Stefan" uniqKey="Schindler S" first="Stefan" last="Schindler">Stefan Schindler</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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